![]() Quoting Montesquieu's analysis of the British constitution, and citing the constitutions of various states, Madison argued that the three main branches of government could not be "totally separate and distinct" if they were to operate together as a whole. When all of these departments were in the same hands, "whether of one, a few or many, or whether hereditary, self appointed, or elective," that was the "very definition of tyranny." Critics of the Constitution contended that under it the separation of powers was vague and confusing. In Chapter 47, the author declared that no political maxim was more important for liberty than that the legislative, executive, and judiciary departments should be separate and distinct. This section of five essays deals largely with the question of establishing a proper and workable system of checks and balances between the several main departments, or branches, of government. Section XIII: Conclusions: Federalist No.Section XII: Judiciary: Federalist No.Section XI: Need for a Strong Executive: Federalists No.Section XI: Need for a Strong Executive: Federalist No. ![]() Section X: United States Senate: Federalists No. ![]()
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